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Dutch Adjectives

The +e Rule · Comparatives · Superlatives

GrammarA2
het huis
het rode huis
een rood huis
boltThe +E Rule

In Dutch, adjectives placed before a noun usually get an -e at the end (e.g., klein becomes kleine). There is only ONE exception: you do not add an -e if the noun is a het-word AND the article is indefinite (een, geen, or no article).

1. The +E Logic Table
Article TypeDe-Word (Auto)Het-Word (Huis)
Definite (de/het) de mooie auto
the beautiful car		 het mooie huis
the beautiful house
Indefinite (een/geen) een mooie auto
a beautiful car		 een mooi huis (No -e!)
a beautiful house
Possessive (mijn/zijn) zijn mooie auto
his beautiful car		 zijn mooie huis
his beautiful house
lightbulb Spelling Changes when adding -E

When you add an -e to an adjective, standard Dutch spelling rules apply:
• Double vowels lose one: groot → de grote auto
• Short vowels double the consonant: dik → de dikke trui
• F changes to V: lief → de lieve hond
• S changes to Z: boos → de boze man

2. Material Adjectives

Adjectives showing what something is made of end in -en and never change.

MaterialExampleEnglish
hout (wood)de houten stoelthe wooden chair
goud (gold)de gouden ringthe gold ring
zilver (silver)het zilveren horlogethe silver watch
katoen (cotton)het katoenen shirtthe cotton shirt
3. Comparatives & Superlatives
Base (+e)Comparative (+er)Superlative (+st)
klein (small)kleinerkleinst
groot (big)groter (spelling rule)grootst
duur (expensive)duurder (ends in 'r', add 'der')duurst
goed (good)beterbest
veel (much/many)meermeest