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Color Coding Legend

Blue: Subject Pronouns
Green: Object Pronouns
Red: Possessive / Negation
Gold: Key Rules / Formal
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Dutch Pronouns

Subject · Object · Possessive · Reflexive

GrammarA2
ik / jij / hij / zij
mij / jou / hem / haar
mijn / jouw / zijn / haar
stressed vs. unstressed
boltKey Rule

Dutch has two forms for most pronouns: a weak/unstressed form (normal speech) and a strong/stressed form (emphasis or sentence start). jij → je, mij → me, jouw → je — the shorter weak form is preferred in everyday spoken Dutch.

Full Pronoun Reference Table
Subject
Object
Possessive
Person Subject (strong) Subject (weak) Object (strong) Object (weak) Possessive English
1sg ik — mij me mijn I / me / my
2sg jij je jou je jouw / je you / you / your
2sg formal u — u — uw you (formal) / your
3sg masc hij ie / 'ie hem 'm zijn he / him / his
3sg fem zij ze haar d'r / 'r haar she / her / her
3sg neuter het 't het 't zijn it / it / its
1pl wij we ons — ons / onze we / us / our
2pl jullie — jullie — jullie you (pl) / you / your
3pl zij ze hen / hun ze hun they / them / their
warning

jij vs. je — the inversion rule: when the subject comes after the verb (inversion), always use je, not jij. “Woon je hier?” is natural; “Woon jij hier?” sounds emphatic. Use jij only for contrast: “Niet ik, maar jij moet betalen!”

The Four Pronoun Forms
Subject Pronouns
wie doet het?
The subject performs the action. It normally comes before the verb.
Ik werk in Amsterdam.I work in Amsterdam.
Wij eten om zes uur.We eat at six o'clock.
Werkt ze hier?Does she work here? (ze = unstressed zij)
Object Pronouns
wie/wat ontvang?
Object pronouns follow a verb or preposition. Use the strong form after prepositions.
Ik zie hem elke dag.I see him every day.
Ze belt me op.She calls me.
Dit is voor jou.This is for you. (strong — after preposition)
Possessive Pronouns
van wie is het?
ons for het-words, onze for de-words. jouw can shorten to je.
Dat is mijn fiets.That is my bicycle.
Haar huis is groot.Her house is big.
Dit is ons boek / onze tafel.This is our book / our table.
Reflexive Pronouns
zich / zichzelf
3rd person uses zich. All others use the regular object pronoun.
Ik was me.I wash myself.
Hij scheert zich.He shaves himself.
Ze voelen zich goed.They feel good.
info

hen vs. hun: Technically hen = direct object, hun = indirect object. In practice most Dutch speakers use ze for both in speech. Don’t overthink it — use ze and you will almost always be correct.

Quick Reference
Situation Use Example
Normal spoken Dutch weak forms (je, ze, we) Je hebt gelijk. / Ze komt morgen.
Emphasis or contrast strong forms (jij, zij, wij) Niet ik, maar jij moet het doen!
After a preposition strong object (mij, jou, hem) Dit cadeau is voor jou.
Showing ownership possessive (mijn, jouw, zijn) Dat is haar auto.
Subject after inverted verb je (never jij here) Kom je morgen?
Reflexive — 3rd person zich Hij vergist zich. (He is mistaken.)